对于任意点集$${x_i}$$,若$$\lambda_i \ge 0$$,且$$\sum_i\lambda_i=1$$,则:
对于凸函数满足:
$$
\begin{aligned}
f(\sum_{i=1}^M\lambda_ix_i) \le \sum_i\lambda_i f(x_i) && (1)
\end{aligned}
$$
对于凹函数满足:
$$
\begin{aligned}
f(\sum_{i=1}^M\lambda_ix_i) \ge \sum_i\lambda_i f(x_i) && (2)
\end{aligned}
$$